Before we get started, there are a TON of deities in the elder scrolls universe. If you are looking for a specific one, please use find function to locate the specific god.
The Godhead
Godhead is the only known title of a Supreme Being which is said to be responsible for the existence of the Aurbis, according by Michael Kirkbride. This entity is said to be in a state of unending slumber, and during this time it unconsciously manifested Aurbis from its dreams. When a mortal being becomes aware of this cosmic truth, they are said to achieve one of two states depending on the individual's willpower: CHIM, the state in which one may become a 'lucid dreamer' within the Godhead's dream, or Zero Sum, an occurrence in which the mortal will become erased from existence.
Magnus and the Magna Ge
Magnus, also known as the God of Magic (or simply Magic), the Sun God, the Great Architect, He Who Abstained, and the
Sorceror-King, was a prominent et'Ada, one of the Original Spirits. During the Dawn Era, Lorkhan persuaded Magnus and several other et'Ada to help create the mortal plane, Mundus. Magnus was said to have been the architect of Mundus, as he created the schematics and diagrams needed to construct it.
As Mundus began to form, it became evident that many of the et'Ada would be required to sacrifice much of their power in order to form the mortal plane. As their aspects began to die off, many of the et'Ada vanished completely. Magnus decided to terminate the project. He fled to Aetherius in the last of Mundus's birth-pains, and his departure tore a hole which became Nirn's sun, itself known as Magnus.
The et'Ada who chose to stay became the Ehlnofey. Many other et'Ada, who became known as the Magna Ge, followed Magnus, tearing smaller holes in the sky, which became the stars. Though it is sometimes believed that the stars are actually fragments of Magnus himself. After Magnus's departure, the et'Ada convened at the Adamantine Tower at an event known as Convention and decided to punish Lorkhan for his trickery.
The Ehlnofey
The Ehlnofey (sometimes spelled Elhnofey) of the Dawn Era are a group of et'Ada who, along with the Hist, decided not to abandon Mundus, and remained on the mortal realm to instead keep it viable. They are depicted as vaguely Elven in shape, but featureless, similar to how they live on in fading memory. The language or languages of the Ehlnofey became known as Ehlnofex. The term Ehlnofey in this language means Earthbones, but the word Earthbones is typically used to describe the Ehlnofey that followed the example of Y'ffre and sacrificed themselves to form the rules of nature. Indeed, these followers of Y'ffre are known as the Earth Bones (or Earthbones),and it's been found that these "Earth Bones" can be manipulated to some extent. Those that did not sacrifice themselves to become the laws of nature are typically referred to as the Ehlnofey. These spirits instead populated the mortal plane, becoming the progenitors of the mortal races. Perhaps because of their association with the land itself, "Old Ehlnofey" became another name for Aldmeris, the mystical homeland of the elves.
When Magnus the architect decided to flee Mundus, the et'Ada split. Most followed Magnus, but the Ehlnofey are those that, as described above, "sacrificed themselves into other forms so that they might Stay" in Mundus. It is believed Nirn is an amalgamation of twelve worlds, and a large chunk of one world, the Ehlnofey world, was left relatively intact. The Ehlnofey who lived there were the ancestors of the Mer, and their solidarity allowed them to retain more of their ancient knowledge and power. The other Ehlnofey, who were left scattered around Nirn, had a harder time adapting, and were dubbed the "Wanderers". For whatever reason, a war eventually broke out between Old Ehlnofey and the Wanderers, which would become known as the War of Manifest Metaphors. The Old Ehlnofey were more powerful individually, but the Wanderers were more numerous, and had been toughened by the hardships of Nirn. It is believed this war reshaped the face of Nirn, creating the first oceans, and what was left of Old Ehlnofey purportedly became Tamriel. When this war occurred is not clear, but the Aldmer are said to have left their doomed and ruined continent and colonized southwest Tamriel in the Middle Merethic Era, only to spend many centuries fruitlessly searching for their old homeland.
The Aedra, or Eight Divines
Akatosh, the Dragon God of Time
He is present in most Tamrielic religions. His avatar is a golden dragon, and he is often called the Dragon God of Time, and the Lord of the Dragons. He is generally considered to be the first of the Gods to form in the Beginning Place; after his establishment, other spirits found the process to be easier and the various pantheons of the world emerged. The Aedric spirit is the ultimate God of the Cyrodilic Empire, where he embodies the qualities of endurance, invincibility, and everlasting legitimacy while promoting the virtues of duty, service, and obedience. Akatosh is thought to be the father of all dragons, and their leader Alduin was titled "First-Born of Akatosh". Alduin later came to proclaim himself a god, prompting Paarthurnax to turn on him for forsaking his duty to Akatosh, and resulting in history considering Alduin to be the Nordic aspect of Akatosh. Akatosh is the patron of the Akatosh Chantry, the religious order devoted to the worship and glorification of him, who refer to him as the "Great Dragon". The Warp in the West and other Dragon Breaks are thought to result from Akatosh's temporary loss of control over the flow of time.
Arkay, the Mortals' God
Arkay is often more important in those cultures where his father, Akatosh, is either less related to time or where his time aspects are difficult to comprehend by the layman. He is the god of burials and funeral rites, and is generally associated with cyclical occasions, such as the seasons and life/death. His priests are staunch opponents of necromancy and all forms of the undead, and are empowered to bestow Arkay's blessings which prevent the forceful misuse of a mortal soul. Thus, any body properly buried by a priest observing the proper rituals is protected by Arkay's Law from being raised as undead.
Dibella, the Goddess of Art and Passion
Dibella, as Goddess of Beauty, is the embodiment of beauty and teaches mortals to seek truth through beauty and worship. Those who follow the teachings of Dibella, and propagate beauty and promote harmony, are granted charm and grace. The Goddess teaches that mortals should give themselves to love, and commands them to open their hearts to "the noble secrets of art and love. Treasure the gifts of friendship. Seek joy and inspiration in the mysteries of love". Dibella holds no limit on the number of lovers one may have, but demands focus on the quality of the essence of love, not the quantity. She teaches that, "No matter the seed, if the shoot is nurtured with love, will not the flower be beautiful?", and blesses the love of those which is pure and untainted. Dibella discourages relations with undead, such as vampires, and concurs with the teachings of Arkay that vampires have impure spirits. Dibella is known as the Divine who "pays Men in Moans". Critics of Dibella consider her a lustful and passionate goddess.
Julianos, the God of Magic
Not much is known about the god other than he is tied to wisdom and logic as well as magic. His followers are usually engineers, architects, scholars, historians, and mages.
He is said to have helped structure the laws and order of Nirn itself, including gravity, continental structures and even taught men how to create civilizations.
Kynareth, the Goddess of Heaven
According to followers of the Divines, the Sky Goddess Kyne, worshipped by the Nords as the strongest of the Sky spirits and the widow of Shor, is the Nordic aspect of Kynareth. Rain is said to be Kyne's tears as she mourns the loss of her beloved Shor, since rain is believed not to have appeared until after his divine spark was forcibly removed. It is said Kyne gifted men with the thu'um so they could harness the language of the dragons and use its power to save themselves from the wrath of Alduin and the dragons.
Mara, the Mother-Goddess
As Goddess of Love, Mara is the bearer of love, and shines the light of love on all mortals. Mara gave life to mortals so that they may love. The gift of love was bestowed upon mortals by the Divine so to honor Mara, and allow them to understand the true nature of the Divines. Mara teaches that love provides nourishment and life to all mortals. The Divine commands mortals to "live soberly and peacefully. Honor your parents, and preserve the peace and security of home and family". Mara's Benevolence is eternal and those who offer their love to the Divine will never be forsaken. The Warmth of Mara shapes the destiny of mortals and can be felt across Tamriel. Priests of Mara teach that the Divine is omnipresent and her love and affection can be found in the heart of all mortals, thus linking them to Mara. The holy truth declares that love creates life and therefore those who love create more life.
Mara is also the patron of marriage, and the act of union is carried out at her shrines and temples. The Divine teaches that the spark of union between two mortals comes from within and is not based on appearance. The oaths and vows of marriage create life from love and are respected in the name of Mara. The act of union is confirmed upon taking the Pledge of Mara and Mara does not place any restrictions on marriage, thus all may marry, irrespective of gender and race, and unite their souls in the holy union. Mara makes her will known to her priests through visions and commands them to aid those whose love needs guidance. The priesthood of Mara strive to unite all mortals and are intolerant of those who are intolerant of others.
Stendarr, the Steadfast
Stendarr, through his priests, resolutes, and templars, makes his will known to the mortals of Tamriel, and commands them to "be kind and generous to the people of Tamriel. Protect the weak, heal the sick, and give to the needy". Stendarr offers mercy to all mortals and he welcomes heretics, the afflicted, the hopeless and the forgotten. The Divine cherishes and protects all mortals regardless of whether they acknowledge him or not and he does not distinguish between worshippers and heretics. The priests of Stendarr act as a conduit and he provides guidance and assistance to mortals through them. Mortals who open their heart and soul to Stendarr's mercy and seek his benevolence are healed and gain understanding of the love Stendarr holds for all mortals, particularly those less fortunate. He also offers help in the form of healing as Stendarr can mend any wound, stay any disease, and soothe any broken soul.
Zenithar, the Trader God
He has strong ties to Cyrodiil and High Rock. The introduction of the worship of Zenithar was largely tolerated in Hammerfell due to his similarities to a Yokudan agricultural deity. His worshippers say that, despite his mysterious origins, Zenithar is the god 'that will always win'. His priests teach that the path to peace and prosperity is through earnest work and honest profit, not through war, bloodshed, or theft. Zenithar is seen as a warrior god, but one who is restrained and reserved in times of peace. He is thought to be associated with Kynareth, as well as a large blue star sometimes seen in the skies of Tamriel. It's also said that he is most in touch with the mortal world, and that he created the Mace of the Crusader for Pelinal Whitestrake to help him defeat Umaril the Unfeathered.
The Daedric Princes
Azura of the Crimson Gate, the Cosmic Severer
Her sphere is dawn and dusk—the magic in-between realms of twilight—as well as mystery and magic, fate and prophecy, and vanity and egotism. Azura is one of the few Daedra who maintains the appearance of being "good" by mortal standards, and reportedly feels more concern for the well-being of her mortal subjects than other Daedric Princes. It is said she wants their love above all else, and for her worshippers to love themselves; it pains her when they do not. This attitude leads to an extremely devoted following. She is also one of the few Princes who constantly maintains a female image, and is perceived accordingly. Her realm is that of Moonshadow.
Boethiah, He-Who-Destroys and She-Who-Erases
She rules over deceit, conspiracy, secret plots of murder, assassination, treason, and unlawful overthrow of authority. This sphere is destructive in nature, and Boethiah's destructiveness comes from inspiring the arms of mortal warriors. The Dark Warrior has been described as "cold" and "impersonal", "cruel", and one of the more "demonic" of the Daedra lords. Worshippers are known to hold bloody competitions in Boethiah's honor, battling—even killing—each other, for Boethiah is said to care only for their blood. The Prince's prized servants are a race of Daedra known as the Hunger, foul creatures that are eternally bone thin. Boethiah sees battle as a blessing, and is frequently depicted as a great caped warrior, often in a stoic pose. While sometimes described as male, Boethiah is also commonly referred to as female, sometimes within the same text. Notably, Boethiah is usually depicted as male in Morrowind, but is also known for taking the form of a Dunmer "warrior-queen". She rules from the realm of Attribution's Share.
Clavicus Vile, the Prince of Trickery and Bargains
His sphere is the granting of power and wishes through ritual invocations and pacts. He is seen as one of the more "sophisticated" of the Daedric Princes, and often appears in the guise of a jovial Skaafin, a race of horned Daedra that inhabit the Fields of Regret, his realm in Oblivion. Clavicus finds eternity to be "boring", so he finds entertainment in watching mortals and occasionally meddling in their affairs. He has been known to be the patron to vampires, gracing them with social stature, reason and savvy, allowing them to not only live among regular mortals, but to hold powerful positions in society. However, not all of Vile's machinations are necessarily insidious; he has been known to reward those who, on his direction, eliminate threats to the general public (while still serving his own interests).
Hermaeus Mora, the Ur-dra
His sphere is forbidden knowledge, destiny, and the scrying of the tides of Fate, weaving his way through the past and future as read in the stars and heavens, and in whose dominion are "the treasures of knowledge and memory". His curiosity is insatiable and he seeks all knowledge, and not to change but to observe, so that all becomes known. He "weeps cold tears" at the plague of ignorance, where knowledge is forsaken out of fear of misuse, and seeks to enlighten all to all mysteries that have ever and will ever exist. This benevolence presented by his followers may be a facade, as Mora is said to hoard his knowledge and give nothing away for free. Like all Daedric Princes, he's not to be trifled with, but he is subtler than most of his ilk and ensnares mortals with his secrets. He may seem cruel at times, but he's not irrational. Always lurking, he is the void and the ever-seeing eyes. Mora has been called the wisest of the Daedric Princes, with a mind as old as Tamriel and a body of slime, though he describes himself as "the riddle unsolveable. The door unopenable. The book unreadable. The question unanswerable." Unlike most Princes, Hermaeus Mora does not take on a humanoid form, manifesting instead as black clouds of varied, grotesque assemblages of eyes, tentacles, and claws, or a featureless purple vortex known as the Wretched Abyss. He speaks with a thundering bray. He resides everywhere and nowhere but takes glee in tormenting mortals from his realm in Oblivion, the plane called Apocrypha, an endless library where the infinite pages of countless books containing all forbidden knowledge are found.
(To be continued!)